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Strong calves start long before they hit the ground. During gestation, each trimester plays a vital role in the development of the calf’s muscles, organs, and overall health. For cow/calf producers, paying close attention to nutrition during these stages sets the foundation for healthier calves, improved growth performance, and greater herd longevity.
2nd Trimester: Building Muscle and Organ Growth
In the second trimester, muscle tissue formation and organ growth take center stage. Satellite cells commit to becoming muscle cells, forming myoblasts that mature into muscle fibers. By day 90 of gestation, the total number of myofibers is largely determined. This means that the calf’s lifetime potential for muscle growth is already set.
Key organs such as the lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs are also developing during this time. Because of this, a well-balanced nutrition plan, especially one supported by a sound mineral program can deliver long-term benefits:
- Higher weaning weights
- Better feedlot weight gain
- Improved marbling scores
- Greater tenderness in finished beef
3rd Trimester: Final Growth and Lung Development
The final trimester is where growth accelerates. Approximately 75% of fetal growth happens during this period, making it a critical window for both calf size and vitality. In addition, the lungs undergo their final development, which is essential for respiratory health after birth.
Consistent mineral supplementation in late gestation helps provide:
- Stronger mineral stores in newborn calves
- Improved passive immune transfer
- Better growth and health outcomes
- Reduced pull rates for treatments in the feedyard
Takeaway for Producers
Every trimester matters when it comes to calf health, growth, and future performance. By investing in good feed, particularly protein and quality mineral, producers can expect healthier calves, heavier weaning weights, improved beef quality, and stronger replacement heifers with better reproductive longevity.
In short, strong nutrition today means stronger calves tomorrow.
Call our feed team at (712) 722-0651 to learn more!